List of Battles in Europe in Turco-Mongol Regulation

In the thirteenth century, the Mongols invaded Europe. From the late Middle Ages over the early modern period, multiple raids, invasions, and conquests resulted in much of Eastern Europe's occupation. Historically, the Turco-Mongols were referred to as Tatars or Tartars because they combined Mongolian and Turkic peoples. The Tatars were once a people from the Tatar confederation who the Mongol Empire later conquered. In 1223, forces from the Mongol Empire's Golden Horde, led by Batu Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson, began conquering Europe, beginning with the Cumans, Volga Bulgaria, and Kievan Rus. In the process, they obliterated several cities, including Kiev, Vladimir, and Moscow. They had intended to proceed to the "Great Sea's" coasts (Atlantic Sea). Instead, they returned eastwards to their steppe homelands after learning of Ogedei Khan's death in 1241. It may be claimed that this protected the rest of Europe from the disasters that befell the armies and towns of the Kingdoms of Poland and Hungary, yet overstretched communication routes and a lack of wide-open areas of pasture land may well have been the venture's demise. The downfall of much of Eastern Europe by the Turco-Mongols, on the other hand, lasted for centuries.

The Tatars were able to take control of Ruthenian principalities. In Russian cities, there was pillaging as well as horrific massacres.

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was subjected to a series of Tatar invasions beginning in 1599, with the objective of looting, pillaging, and capturing slaves into jasyr. Until the 18th century, the borderland area to the south-east was engulfed in semi-permanent warfare. According to some estimates, more than 3 million people were seized and enslaved during the Crimean Khanate, mostly Ukrainians and Circassians, Russians, Belarusians, and Poles. The continual threat of Crimean Tatars aided the development of Cossackdom. For many years, the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan ravaged Rus princes, searching for slaves and plunder. In the initial half of the 16th century, Russian chronicles recount roughly 40 incursions by Kazan Khans against Russian territory. Muscovy was also invaded by the successors of the Golden Horde, the Nogai Horde and Crimean Khanate. The wild steppe began near old Ryazan on the Oka River and Elets on the Sosna, Don's intake, in the early 16th century. For their incursions, the Crimean Tatars decided to go along watersheds. The principal route to Moscow was the "Muravski shliach," which ran from the Crimean Perekop to Tula, passing through two basins, the Dnieper and the Northern Donets. The Tatars turned back after 62-124 miles of deep penetration into populated areas, unwrapping wide wings and looting and capturing captives. The khanate maintained a significant slave trade with the Ottoman Empire until the early 18th century. Turkey and the Middle East were sold captives. Slaves made for roughly 75 percent of the population of Crimea. The main slave market was in the Crimean city of Caffa.

In the spring of each year, Moscow mobilizes up to 65,000 soldiers for border duty. The defensive lines, which consisted of a circuit of fortifications and cities, were deployed. Cossacks and young noblemen were organized into sentry and patrol services on the steppe to keep an eye on Crimean Tatars and Nogai Horde nomads. Between 1558 and 1596, there were about 30 major Tatar raids into the Muscovite territory. The Volga settlements of Samara (1586), Tsaritsyn (1589), and Saratov (1590) were founded to protect against the Nogai Horde's raids between the Volga and Irtysh rivers. Until the 18th century, the Crimean Khanate was one of Eastern Europe's most powerful states. The Russian borderland population was subjected to annual Tatar invasions, necessitating tens of thousands of soldiers to protect the southern borders. This was a significant financial and social burden for the state, which hindered its social and economic progress. Due to the Crimean Tatars' refusal to allow Russians to settle in southern regions where the soil is better and the season is longer, Muscovy was forced to rely on poorer regions and labour-intensive agriculture. Slave raiding was also common in Poland-Lithuania, Moldavia, and Wallachia. In 1783, the Russian Empire invaded the Crimean Khanate, putting an end to Mongol and Tatar control in Europe. The Turkic invasion of Anatolia, Cyprus, and the Balkans, which various European states had previously colonized, has not changed. Historians estimate that the Mongol invasion of Europe killed up to half of Hungary's two million population at the time. During the Mongol invasion of Rus', around half of the Rus' population may have died. According to Colin McEvedy's Atlas of World Population History, published in 1978, the population of Russia-in-Europe fell by 500,000 people between 1300 and 1400, from 7.5 to 7 million. More than 70% of the population was slaughtered in Poland, such as the silver mines of Rosperk, near Bytom, where one of the two invasions killed over 75% of the population, and the seized silver was used to build the gigantic Silver Tree fountain of Karakorum.