Rafi ud-Daulah

For a brief period in 1719, Shah Jahan II (June 1696 – September 1719), also known as Rafi ud-Daulah, was the twelfth Mughal emperor. He succeeded his short-lived brother Rafi ud-Darajat in that year after being chosen by the Sayyid brothers. He died of TB, same as his brother, and was buried at Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki's dargah.

Rafi ud-Daulah was the name given to Shah Jahan II when he was born. He was Rafi-ush-second Shan's son and Bahadur Shah I's grandson. The precise date of Shah Jahan II's birth is unknown. Rafi ud-Darajat, his younger brother, was eighteen months his senior. It is also unknown whether he married or not and whether he had any children.

After his younger brother Rafi ud-Darajat died of illness, Shah Jahan II ascended the throne on 6 June 1719. His coronation took place at the Red Fort's Diwan-i-Khas. He assumed the name "Shah Jahan Sani" (English: Shah Jahan II). Like his younger brother, Shah Jahan II was chosen by the kingmaker Sayyid brothers and had no actual power. On 13 June, his name was read for the first time in the khutbah. On 11 June, he made his debut appearance at the Diwan-i-Aam. He was not allowed to meet any nobles or attend the jummah without the presence of one of the Sayyid brothers.

Similar to his teenaged brother, Shah Jahan II was afflicted with TB. He has not fit to reign the emperor because he was both physically and mentally unfit. He died in Bidyapur on 17 September 1719. He was buried alongside Rafi ud-Darajat at Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki's dargah. He was replaced by the unlucky Nikusiyar, a nominal sovereign, after his death.