Mirza Muhammad Mu'izz-ud-Din

Jahandar Shah, also known as Mirza Muhammad Mu'izz-ud-Din (May 9, 1661 – February 12, 1713) was a Mughal Emperor; reigned from 1712 to 1713. Shahanshah-i-Ghazi Abu'l Fath Mu'izz-ud-Din Muhammad Jahandar Shah Sahib-i-Qiran Padshah-i-Jahan was his complete title. Jahandar Shah was the ninth Mughal emperor who reigned from 1712 to 1713. After his father, Bahadur Shah I died, he and his brother both declared themselves emperors and fought for the throne. On 17 March 1712, his brother was assassinated, but he governed for another eleven months. Jahandar Shah was known for his extravagant lifestyle, and his court was filled with dance and amusement. On 10 January, 1713, his favourite dancing girl, Lal Kunwar, was raised to the status of Queen consort. However, Farrukhsiyar, his nephew, overcame him with the help of the Sayyid brothers. On 11 February, 1713, he was kidnapped and imprisoned alongside Lal Kunwar before being strangled by professional stranglers. The Emperor is seated in a chair with a parasol on a terrace where he converses with the standing petitioners in this picture. Two men, one of whom is reading, stand in front of the Emperor. The other two friends anxiously await their turn. Behind the monarch, a chowrie bearer stands.

In 1671, his grandfather, Aurangzeb, named Jahandar Shah as Vizier of Balkh. When their father died on February 27, 1712, he and his brother, Azim-ush-Shan, proclaimed themselves emperors and fought for control of the throne. After Azim-us-Shan was assassinated on March 17, 1712, Jahandar Shah reigned for another eleven months. Jahandar Shah travelled throughout the Indian Ocean and was a successful trader before coming to the throne. He was also given the title of Sindh Subedar. He had three sons, one of them being Aziz-ud-Din, the Mughal emperor from 1754 to 1759.

Jahandar Shah lived a hedonistic lifestyle, and his court was frequently enlivened by dancing and other forms of entertainment. Lal Kunwar, his favourite wife, was a simple dancing girl until she was elevated to the status of Queen Consort. They stunned the Mughal Empire, and even Aurangzeb's surviving daughter, Zeenat-un-Nissa, resisted them.  The third Nawab of the Carnatic, Muhammed Saadatullah Khan I, denied his authority and murdered De Singh of Orchha, largely because the Nawab believed he was the righteous commander of the Gingee Fort. Khan launched a smear campaign against Jahandar Shah, calling him a usurper on the Mughal throne. Jahandar Shah sent presents to the Ottoman Sultan Ahmad III to bolster his power.

Jahandar Shah's first bride was Mirza Mukarram Khan Safavi's daughter. The wedding took place on 13 October 1676. After that, he married her niece, Sayyid-un-nissa Begum, the daughter of Mirza Rustam after she died. The wedding took place on August 30, 1684. In Emperor Aurangzeb, Qazi Abu Sa'id and Prince Muhammad Muazzam unified them (future Bahadur Shah I). The wedding took place on 18 September. Sixty-seven thousand rupees in diamonds were offered to Sayyid-un-Nissa Begum. Princess Zinat-un-Nissa Begum was in charge of the festivities. Anup Bai was his third wife. Prince Muhammad Aziz-ud-din Mirza, born on June 6, 1699, was her son. She died on 17 April 1735, in Delhi, nineteen years before her son, Emperor Alamgir II, took the throne. Lal Kunwar, Khasusiyat Khan's daughter, was his fourth wife. Jahandar Shah adored her and bestowed the title Imtiyaz Mahal upon her upon his ascension to the throne.

In 1712, Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah died, and then the Mughal ruler Jahandar Shah took his place. However, Banda Singh Bahadur was well aware of his flaws. He exploited them by capturing the Punjab region east of Lahore and Mughal territory near the trans-Yamuna region.

On 10 January 1713, he was defeated in combat at Agra by Farrukhsiyar, his nephew and the second son of Azim-ush-Shan, with the help of the Sayyid Brothers. He escaped to Delhi, where he was apprehended and given to the new Emperor, who imprisoned him and Lal Kunwar. He was imprisoned for a month until professional stranglers were dispatched to murder him on 11 February 1713.

Couplets were reinstated, and Jahandar Shah minted gold, silver, and copper coins. Abu al-Fateh and Sahab Qiran were used as couplets. Copper coins were available in two weights: 20 grams and 14 grams.

• Abu al-Fateh couplet silver rupee, Khujista Bunyaad
• Sahab Qiran couplet silver rupee, Itawa
• Surat mint copper paisa (20.21 grams)
• 13.85-gram copper paisa from the Surat mint